{"id":15088,"date":"2025-04-17T13:22:41","date_gmt":"2025-04-17T11:22:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/espalier.org\/trained-fruit-shapes\/"},"modified":"2025-04-22T16:13:15","modified_gmt":"2025-04-22T14:13:15","slug":"trained-fruit-shapes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/espalier.org\/en\/trained-fruit-shapes\/","title":{"rendered":"Trained Fruit Shapes"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"15088\" class=\"elementor elementor-15088 elementor-2733\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-33a79095 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"33a79095\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3706530d\" data-id=\"3706530d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-537de1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"537de1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Trained Fruit Shapes<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-135aaf1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"135aaf1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4f7f191\" data-id=\"4f7f191\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cea501e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cea501e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ec7cb22 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ec7cb22\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-515a413\" data-id=\"515a413\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bde6e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6bde6e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This general article describes which forms there are <b>[^1]<\/b> for trained fruit trees <b>[^2]<\/b>.<\/p><p>In total, descriptions of more than 100 espalier shapes are included, but this list does not claim to be exhaustive.<\/p><p>Insight into the variation in espalier shapes offers support to<strong> those who want to grow espalier fruit trees themselves <\/strong>.For example, pear or apple. <\/p><p>[mks_icon icon=&#8221;fa-lightbulb-o&#8221; color=&#8221;#0000ff&#8221; type=&#8221;fa&#8221;] For <strong>customized advice<\/strong> or <strong>coaching <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/espalier.org\/en\/contact-me\/\">contact me<\/a><\/p><p><b>[^1]<\/b>: Synonyms: fruit espalier shapes, shapes guided fruit trees.<br><b>[^2]<\/b>: Synonyms: guided fruit tree, fruit espalier tree, fruit shaped tree, shaped fruit tree.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ce82459 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ce82459\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c33b7a2\" data-id=\"c33b7a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2cd867 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a2cd867\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classification of Trained Fruit<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3f91e68 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3f91e68\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-11ceb18\" data-id=\"11ceb18\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92b624d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"92b624d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Numerous espalier forms have been described separately in the literature.<br>This website is the first to present a classification that provides insight into their similarities and differences.<\/p><p>Creating a classification for &#8220;(espalier) forms&#8221; is less simple than it seems, for the following reasons:<\/p><ul><li>espalier forms are composed of forms that are not (mathematical) basic forms<\/li><li>each espalier form has subvariants<\/li><li>descriptive names quickly become (too) long<\/li><\/ul><p>An attempt has been made to arrive at a classification of espalier forms that works <strong>easily and intuitively<\/strong>. This means, among other things: <\/p><ul><li>names have been modernized (adapted to the current zeitgeist)<br>Older names and synonyms are listed separately.<\/li><li>short names for espalier forms<br>The aim has been to create names with few syllables.<br>New terms have also been introduced, such as: &#8220;U Palmet&#8221; and Diptych \/ Triptych.<\/li><li>names with few hyphens<\/li><li>names that are easy to translate into English and French<\/li><li>arrangement in a way that provides insight into the evolution of espalier forms<\/li><li>prefixes (such as: &#8220;<b>1-side<\/b>&#8220;) and suffixes (such as: &#8220;<b>side-to-side<\/b>&#8220;) are shown in small letters, so that the main type can be recognized at a glance.<\/li><li>per category one slate form has been elevated to <b>basic form<\/b><\/li><li>clear <b>illustrations<\/b><\/li><\/ul><p>At the bottom of this page is an explanation of the Dutch language use.<\/p><p>Your feedback, experiences and photos are always welcome!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-395bf36 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"395bf36\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-66f497f\" data-id=\"66f497f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a82ace elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0a82ace\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Main types<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d6c60ea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d6c60ea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f20a204\" data-id=\"f20a204\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfd172b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bfd172b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/eenzijdig-horizontaal-snoer-appel-Reinette_Grise_du_Canada.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1355\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/eenzijdig-horizontaal-snoer-appel-Reinette_Grise_du_Canada.jpg 600w, https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/eenzijdig-horizontaal-snoer-appel-Reinette_Grise_du_Canada-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0c44fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"d0c44fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h5 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Single Cord<\/h5><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Standard form with 1 frame branch\u200b<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bce40d9\" data-id=\"bce40d9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cce00ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cce00ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/dubbel-golfvormig-snoer-Prunus-persica-Teton_de_Venus-op-onderstam-St_Julien-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1349\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/dubbel-golfvormig-snoer-Prunus-persica-Teton_de_Venus-op-onderstam-St_Julien-2.jpg 600w, https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/dubbel-golfvormig-snoer-Prunus-persica-Teton_de_Venus-op-onderstam-St_Julien-2-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c17baf9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"c17baf9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h5 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Double Cord<\/h5><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Standard form with 2 framework branches<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-49345fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"49345fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c895820\" data-id=\"c895820\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bca7c72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bca7c72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Verrier-palmet-3-armen-leipeer-Williams-Williams_Bon_Chretien.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1421\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Verrier-palmet-3-armen-leipeer-Williams-Williams_Bon_Chretien.jpg 600w, https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Verrier-palmet-3-armen-leipeer-Williams-Williams_Bon_Chretien-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0e926a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"a0e926a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h5 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Trident<\/h5><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Espalier with 3 parallel branches<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d4b941e\" data-id=\"d4b941e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-071d746 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"071d746\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/horizontaal-palmet-5-etages-le_Potager_du_Roi-Versailles.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1382\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/horizontaal-palmet-5-etages-le_Potager_du_Roi-Versailles.jpg 600w, https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/horizontaal-palmet-5-etages-le_Potager_du_Roi-Versailles-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cb7dc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"3cb7dc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h5 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Palmetto<\/h5><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Espalier with 4 or more parallel branches <\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3dca23c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3dca23c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f58b4c4\" data-id=\"f58b4c4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d5b3d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1d5b3d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/waaier-zonder-harttak-rechte-fruitmuur.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1433\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/waaier-zonder-harttak-rechte-fruitmuur.jpg 600w, https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/waaier-zonder-harttak-rechte-fruitmuur-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66bbc4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"66bbc4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h5 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Fan<\/h5><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Espalier with fan-shaped frame branches<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-31ca30b\" data-id=\"31ca30b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0a48c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c0a48c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/ketelvorm-16-armen-bekervorm-leifruit.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1439\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/ketelvorm-16-armen-bekervorm-leifruit.jpg 600w, https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/ketelvorm-16-armen-bekervorm-leifruit-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00d7c15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"00d7c15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h5 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">3D Shape<\/h5><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Espalier with frame branches in 3 dimensions<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d3ca161 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d3ca161\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-292969e\" data-id=\"292969e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68806c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"68806c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"449\" src=\"https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/tweeling-kandelaber-palmet.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6429\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/tweeling-kandelaber-palmet.jpg 600w, https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/tweeling-kandelaber-palmet-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/tweeling-kandelaber-palmet-500x375.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32573ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"32573ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h5 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">In Combination: Diptych \/ Twins<\/h5><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Fixed combination of 2 fruit trees in mirror image <\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc6c834\" data-id=\"dc6c834\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c4578c elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"8c4578c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"449\" src=\"https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/cirkel-palmet-tussen-twee-u-vormen.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-6156\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/cirkel-palmet-tussen-twee-u-vormen.jpg 600w, https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/cirkel-palmet-tussen-twee-u-vormen-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/cirkel-palmet-tussen-twee-u-vormen-500x375.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d59e732 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"d59e732\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h5 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">In Combination: Triptych<\/h5><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Fixed combination of 3 fruit trees<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7f23b82 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7f23b82\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-dd1a3e4\" data-id=\"dd1a3e4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86506f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"86506f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Belgisch-Hek-Pyrus-communis-Triomphe-de-Vienne-fruitmuur-Villa_Augustus.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1475\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Belgisch-Hek-Pyrus-communis-Triomphe-de-Vienne-fruitmuur-Villa_Augustus.jpg 600w, https:\/\/espalier.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Belgisch-Hek-Pyrus-communis-Triomphe-de-Vienne-fruitmuur-Villa_Augustus-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c0dd74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"8c0dd74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h5 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">In Combination: Series \/ Pattern <\/h5><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Series of fruit trees of the same type<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6937e6a\" data-id=\"6937e6a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0766153 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0766153\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d87f0a3\" data-id=\"d87f0a3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-310b2a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"310b2a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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data-submit-text=\"Verstuur\" aria-live=\"assertive\" value=\"wpforms-submit\">Verstuur<\/button><\/div><\/form><\/div>  <!-- .wpforms-container -->\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a80fc9e\" data-id=\"a80fc9e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd4ae03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd4ae03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>E-mail:<a href=\"mailto:info@espalier.org\"> info@espalier.org<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-40ffa1d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"40ffa1d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f4e9b3d\" data-id=\"f4e9b3d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddf090e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ddf090e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dutch Language Use Accountability<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1e66b3c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1e66b3c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1972ee\" data-id=\"c1972ee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9b4eda elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b9b4eda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Use of noun \"Palmet\"<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-db5d75e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"db5d75e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3338cdc\" data-id=\"3338cdc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f4867b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4f4867b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>According to the<b> Green Booklet<\/b>, the noun &#8220;palmet&#8221; has two genders:<\/p><ul><li>masculine (&#8220;<b>the <\/b>palmet&#8221;)<\/li><li>feminine (&#8220;<b>the <\/b>palmet&#8221;)<\/li><\/ul><p>There is a slight difference in meaning between the two word variants.<br>This website prefers:<\/p><ul><li>the feminine form (&#8220;the Palmet&#8221;) as a <b>type <\/b>designation,<br>from a theoretical\/scientific perspective<\/li><li>the masculine form (&#8220;the palmet&#8221;) where it concerns an<b> individual tree<\/b>, for practical situations<\/li><\/ul><p>This means that you will encounter both variants interchangeably in texts.<br>Two comments on this:<\/p><ul><li>The distinction, as indicated above, will not always be applied consistently.<\/li><li>The plural form begins by definition with the masculine article (<b>the <\/b>palmet<i>tes<\/i>).<\/li><\/ul><p>One of the considerations for preferably using the feminine term (&#8220;the&#8221;) or neuter term (&#8220;a&#8221;) in descriptions of types of espalier forms is that this produces fewer syllables, and therefore a <b>simpler word image<\/b>. Example: &#8220;<b>the <\/b>ge-woon palmet&#8221; versus &#8220;<b>the <\/b>ge-wo-ne palmet&#8221;.<\/p><p>A simpler word image is easier to read and reduces language barriers.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6efaee9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6efaee9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-89fe98a\" data-id=\"89fe98a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5a2665 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e5a2665\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Use of Hyphens<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-998f30d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"998f30d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-95a20e8\" data-id=\"95a20e8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9d66de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c9d66de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This website has a (very)<b> restrictive policy regarding hyphens (&#8220;-&#8220;)<\/b>, even though this goes against the &#8220;correct&#8221; spelling according to the Green Booklet.<\/p><p>The reason for this (conscious) choice is that consistent and correct use of hyphens according to the Green Booklet would sometimes lead to an abundance of hyphens, which would reduce rather than increase the readability for the visitor.<\/p><p>Furthermore, the omission of hyphens can be justified to some extent by considering the terms in question as proper names.<\/p><p>In practice, this means that hyphens are <i>usually <\/i>omitted from frequently occurring terms (proper names), while they are used for <i>rarely <\/i>used terms<\/p><p>Examples:<\/p><ul><li>&#8220;U shape&#8221; (<em>without <\/em>hyphen!)<br>But:<\/li><li>&#8220;Spits-Eivormen Palmet&#8221; (<em>with <\/em>hyphen), as a counterpart to &#8220;Eivormen Palmet&#8221;.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trained Fruit Shapes Introduction This general article describes which forms there are [^1] for trained fruit trees [^2]. In total, descriptions of more than 100 espalier shapes are included, but this list does not claim to be exhaustive. Insight into the variation in espalier shapes offers support to those who want to grow espalier fruit [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":9,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"wprm-recipe-roundup-name":"","wprm-recipe-roundup-description":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"unboxed","site-sidebar-style":"unboxed","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15088","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Trained Fruit Shapes - Espalier<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/espalier.org\/en\/trained-fruit-shapes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Trained Fruit Shapes - Espalier\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Trained Fruit Shapes Introduction This general article describes which forms there are [^1] for trained fruit trees [^2]. 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